[an error occurred while processing this directive]

LMS - Progress Towards A Unified System 1923 To 1935

by Reg Instone

Over the past 40 years of studying railway history it has become apparent to me that it took several years after the Grouping to implement new ways of doing things, and bring all the practices of the pre-1923 companies into line. It was not until the late 1920s that the LMS started to look like a single organisation.

The LNWR and MR had each made some changes to their own system after the Working Agreement of September 1908, but these only had effect where the two systems met, and, for example, for through bookings and joint offices. The organisation, management and practices of each company were not affected. The same applied to the L&YR when they joined a few years later under what became the "tripartite" agreement.

The following chronology is not intended as a definitive statement, but rather a rough guide to progress using significant dates that are known to me. This is biased towards the subjects that I have researched, naturally. No doubt more could be added by trawling through all the minutes of the LMS Board and its various committees.

3 July 1923Northern Division of Engineer's Dept formed, comprising all lines N of Preston, incl FR etc
Western Div of ED now includes all L&Y lines W of LNWR main line, NSR lines and MR in S Wales
Manchester Div of ED now includes all ex-LNWR lines between Manchester Exchange and Wigan
June 1923savings by diverting East Lancs coal traffic over MR from Normanton to Cudworth and thence to Mytholmroyd L&YR
July 1923£50,000 authorised for connecting the ex-MR, ex-LNWR and ex-L&YR Control Office networks and establishing General Traffic Control throughout the system
1923 (by Oct)Carriage renumbering commenced, with new livery ? mainly completed by 1927, some not until 1929
1924Local operating management reorganised throughout the LMS system, senior official is now the District Controller. Post of District Superintendent abolished.
2 June 1924Station name suffixes added, to distinguish stations of different constituent companies.
24 July 1924Northern (Scottish) Traffic Districts Reorganised, also Chief General Superintendents Dept.
? [Possibly also 24 July 1924]Western Division 'B' became Central Division, with altered boundaries (Traffic Dept)
July 1924new junction at Market Harboro' enables through running from ex-MR to Wembley for Empire Exhibition, also Toton to Willesden coal trains (authorised Nov 1923 for goods traffic, work upgraded May 1924)
1924Locomotive renumbering commenced ? took until 1928 to complete
?LMS locomotive power classification, 1P and 1F etc
29 Jan 1925Goods Managers Dept re-organised.
1925Connection at Oldham between ex-L&Y and ex-LNW lines (Mumps and Glodwick Rd stations)
1925?Ex-MR Swansea lines transferred to Western Div of CGS (Traffic) Dept.
May 1925LMS headlamp code in use throughout the system, based on MR code
July 1925MR style WTTs into use throughout the system, consequent changes to Appendices
c1925Left hand drive adopted as standard
29 Oct 1925The four LMS/GWR Joint committees merged to one.
1 Nov 1925Electrical Dept formed, replacing disparate arrangements of pre-1923 companies
Nov 1925Connection between ex-MR and ex-LNWR lines at Sheffield Nunnery (authorised May 1924)
c1926Constituent companies' track circuits renumbered into single list 1-4000
1 Jan 1926Stamp becomes President of the Executive (Appointed by Board min 1279, 30 July 1925).
Early 1926Standard steel-bodied carriages
Apr 1926LMS (ND) reissued Rule Book, replacing those of Cal, G&SW, HR and joint lines.
1926-27MR principles adopted on W Division main line Euston to Roade, six new junctions
1 Jan 1927new corporate structure with President and Four Vice-Presidents in place of General Manager, Deputy GM and Accountant-General (Board minute 1515, 28 Oct 1926) - later reduced to three on 26 Nov 1931
Jan/July 1927Standard Royal Scot locomotives designed and built; non-stop Carlisle service
1 Nov 1927Josiah Stamp appointed Chairman of the Board (Board minute 1683, 28 July 1927).
1927-28some further changes to location of District Control Offices
1927-32MR-pattern VCR adopted for motor trains (pull & push) across the LMS
15 Apr 1928new junction between ex-LNWR and ex-MR lines at Morecambe (authorised June 1927)
Apr 1928Belfast boat service and ?Ulster Express? transferred from Fleetwood to Heysham
Apr 1928some changes to standardise documentation, including divisional 'Loading' booklets
Late 1928Fitted Freight No.1 and Fitted Freight No.2 trains introduced across the LMS
1928-29Engineer's Dept reorganised to 3 English Divisions in place of 4, 17 Districts in place of 21.
May 1929S&T department created, unifying pre-1923 organisations (Board minute 1984 of 24.1.29)
June 1929Linking of Manchester Victoria and Exchange stations
Aug 1929S&T HQ established at Derby with Divisional Offices at London, Crewe, Manchester and Glasgow, (later moving to Euston House, see below).
Sept 1929LMS Block Regulations, superseding pre-grouping issues
29 0ct 1929The 29 LMS/LNER Joint Committees reduced to four.
1930-31Standard designs of signalboxes, signals and S&T equipment introduced
Jan 1931First issue of LMS style Appendices
Early in 1932COM and CCM in place of CGS and CGM, also a Chief Officer for Scotland appointed.
1932Derby Signal Works closed, work transferred to Crewe
Jan 1933LMS Rule Book - prompted by RCH
1934Euston House HQ opened.
1935LMS shed codes 1A to 32C and smokebox shed plates
1937The Chief Electrical Engineer's post was added to the CME?s responsibilities.

Thanks to Graham Warburton for some of the details of senior management, and to Bob Essery for his help.

This page is very much a 'work in progress'. What can you add to the list from your own specialist knowledge?

It may be that some of the impetus for change came from the financial impact of the Great Depression and the obligation to make savings. Discuss.

Footnote: Stamp was not generally liked by staff due to the pursuit of anything that could reduce labour costs, eg diesel shunters, the GWR were still building 0-6-0 pannier tanks after nationalisation, the last LMS 0-6-0T was built in 1932. Coaling plants, water softeners, loco belt repair systems, welded track, flashing light distant signals to do away with fogmen and so on all reduced labour costs. Not to mention signalling concentration schemes.

[an error occurred while processing this directive]